Work function of sol–gel indium tin oxide (ITO) films on glass

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films (physical thickness, 250–560 25 nm) were deposited on soda lime silica (SLS) glass and silica layer coated ( 200 nm physical thickness) SLS glass substrates by sol–gel technique using alcohol based precursors containing different In:Sn atomic percentages, namely, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70. Cubic phase of In2O3 was observed up to 50 at.% Sn while cassiterite SnO2 phase was observed for 70 at.% Sn. Work function of the films was evaluated from inelastic secondary electron cutoff of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) energy distribution curve (EDC) obtained under two experimental conditions (i) as-introduced (ii) after the cleaning of the surface by sputtering. Elemental distribution and the presence of oxygen containing contaminant and carbon contaminant of the samples were done by XPS analysis under same conditions. The work function changed little due to the presence of surface contaminants. It was in the range, 3.9–4.2 eV ( 0.1 eV).