Deformation and motion by gravity and magnetic field of a droplet of water-based magnetic fluid on a hydrophobic surface

Motion and deformation of a water-based magnetic fluid on a hydrophobic surface were investigated under gravity and a magnetic field. Surface energy and the resultant contact angle of the magnetic fluid depend on the surfactant concentration. The fluid viscosity is governed mainly by magnetite concentration. The front edge of the droplet moved under a weak external field. The rear edge required a higher external field for movement. The forces of gravity and the magnetic field for moving of the front edge are almost equal. However, those of the rear edge are different. The motion of magnetic fluids by an external field depends on concentrations of surfactants and magnetic particles, the external field, and experimental assembly