A comprehensive 3-D analysis of polymer melt flow in slit extrusion dies

An understanding of flow behaviour of polymer melts through a slit die is extremely important for optimizing die design and, consequently, for die performance in processing polymer sheets and films. In view of the complex nature and the physical properties of polymer melts as well as of die geometries, such as coat-hanger dies, no simple mathematical formulae can be used to compute the flow regimes within dies. This paper illustrates the development of a threedimensional (3-D) computer model of an example of a coat-hanger die design using the computational fluid dynamics package, FIDAP, based on the finite element method. A difference of only 3.7% was found when comparing the velocity distribution at the die exit obtained from the 3-D simulation with that calculated using a two-dimensional analytical design procedure, indicating that full 3-D analysis seems to be unnecessary. However it has been shown that unwanted flow phenomena and production problems can be ameliorated by means of visualization and the detailed information obtained from computer simulations. Comparative simulation results with polymers of different rheological properties in the same die are also described. The comprehensive analyses provide a means of interpretation for flow behavior, which allows modification of the die geometry for optimal design.