Membrane introduction mass spectrometry

An overview of membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is presented and comparisons are made with other direct sample introduction techniques. Special attention is given to the unique advantages and the limitations of newer variants on the MIMS technique, including affinity MIMS, reverse-phase and trap MIMS. The salient features of the interfaces used in MIMS are summarized and the various membrane materials commonly used are delineated. The applicability of MIMS is illustrated via discussion of 1. (i) bioreactor monitoring (represented by yeast fermentation), 2. (ii) environmental monitoring (illustrated by analysis of contaminated ground water samples) and 3. (iii) on-line chemical reaction monitoring (exemplified by the photolysis of aryl esters). The applicability of MIMS to the analysis of environmental samples, including complex mixtures in water, air and soil, is noted.