A downscaled multi-residue strategy for detection of anabolic steroids in bovine urine using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS3) Original Research Article

Within the scope of the European Community member states’ residue monitoring plan, illicit administration of anabolic steroids is monitored at slaughterhouse level as well as on living animals. At farm level, urine is one of the target matrices to detect possible abuse of anabolic steroid growth promoters. Optimisation of the routinely applied analysis method resulted in a procedure for which high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fractionation prior to GC–MSn analysis was no longer required. Analytical results could be obtained within 1 day and only 5 mL urine was needed tot carry out the screening procedure. Using the downscaled methodology, all validation criteria described in the European Commission document 2002/657/EC could be fulfilled, and the minimum required performance limits (MRPLs) established for anabolic steroids in urine, could be achieved. A higher GC–MS techniqueʹs specificity was achieved by detecting the steroids using GC–MS3. Nevertheless, it was decided to screen routinely sampled urine with GC–MS2 whereas GC–MS3 was applied to confirm the presence of anabolic steroid residues in suspected sample extracts.