The influence of subzero temperatures on fatigue behavior of composite sandwich structures

The fatigue lives and failure modes of foam core carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite sandwich beams in 4-point bending were characterized from room temperature (22 °C) down to −60 °C. Similar previous investigations had focused on elevated temperatures only, but the low temperature fatigue behavior must be understood so that these materials may be evaluated for possible use in the hull structures of ships, which operate in cold regions. Core shear was found to be the dominant fatigue failure mode for the test specimens over the entire temperature range from 22 °C down to −60 °C. Significant increases in the useful fatigue life with brittle type core shear failure were observed at low temperatures by comparison with the corresponding room temperature behavior. Fatigue failure at the low temperatures was catastrophic and without any significant early warning, but the corresponding failures at room temperature were preceded by relatively slow but steadily increasing losses of stiffness. Two different approaches were used to investigate stiffness reductions during fatigue tests, and both approaches led to the same conclusions. Experimental observations regarding the location of fatigue crack initiation were confirmed by static finite element analyses for both materials.