Separately contacted edge states in the fractional quantum Hall regime

Combining a quasi-Corbino geometry with the cross-gate technique, we developed a sample geometry that allows us to separately contact edge states in the integer and fractional quantum Hall regime. The energy barriers between edge states at integer filling factors give rise to pronounced steps in the I–V characteristics that directly reflect the gap structure of the reconstructed edge. The traces can readily be interpreted in terms of the Landauer–Büttiker formalism and the compressible/incompressible liquid picture. At a temperature of View the MathML source and for the fractional filling factor combinations View the MathML source and View the MathML source, the slopes of the obtained I–V traces at currents up to View the MathML source are all in very good agreement with the predictions of the Landauer–Büttiker formalism, assuming edge states of fractional charge View the MathML source. From the nonlinearity of the I–V characteristics we estimate the energy barrier between fractional edge states of charge View the MathML source to be of the order of View the MathML source.