The future of nanocomputing

We are aware that the semiconductor industry had already entered the nanotechnology world. The working group proposed a hierarchy consisting of four levels: devices, architecture, state variables and data representation. We review on 3D heterogeneous integration, quantum cellular automata, defect-tolerant architecture, quantum computing, nano devices and other novel devices. This experience suggests some criteria we will need to apply to bring these early research efforts into the realm of high-volume manufacturing.