The influence of Ge4+ and Ti4+ ions substitution on the magnetic properties of copper ferrite

Two mixed copper ferrite systems, Cu1+xGexFe2−2xO4 (system 1) and Cu1+xTixFe2−2xO4 (system 2) with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 were analogously investigated. The two systems were prepared using the standard ceramic method. X-ray analysis shows that both systems were formed in a single spinel phase except the sample with x = 0.4 for the two system. Some of the magnetic properties were measured, such as the initial permeability, magnetization and relative permeability. It was found that the Curie temperature (TC) decreases from 714 to 542 K for the first system while it decreases from 714 to 570 K for the second system. The cation distribution of the two systems was proposed. The sample with x = 0 (CuFe2O4) shows the lowest magnetization value for both systems. The behaviour of relative permeability shows two regions for the first system and three for the second system.