Synthesis of graphene nanosheets by the electrolytic exfoliation of graphite and their direct assembly for lithium ion battery anodes

Graphene nanosheets were produced through electrolytic exfoliation of graphite foils in an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte, poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate). We confirmed the formation of graphene nanosheets by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the graphene nanosheets was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In order to address the feasibility of their use as lightweight anodes for a Li ion battery, we also present the direct assembly of graphene nanosheets onto metal current collectors and the fabrication of freestanding graphene nanosheets paper electrodes.