A theoretical and experimental study for forward extrusion of clover sections

Forward extrusion of clover section from different billet diameters has been investigated. The die profile is given by radius function to construct the new kinematically admissible velocity fields for three dimensional extrusion and then by using the upper bound method total extrusion loads are obtained. In the experimental studies, lead billets which having same initial heights but three different diameters have been extruded with the same strokes in order to verify the analysis. Die land length/billet diameter ratio was taken equal or greater than 0.6 as recommended in literature. A good agreement was found between the measured and the predicted load and so it is suggested that present analysis could be used the other commercial materials.