Effect of nonmetallic inclusion and banding on the success of the two-layer temper bead welding technique

This work evaluated the effect of banding and nonmetallic inclusions in AISI 4140 steel on the HAZ toughness using the two-layer temper bead technique. The results showed that the amount and the length of the nonmetallic inclusions can negatively influence the toughness. There was a significant difference between the toughness of the materials with banding in the as-welded state and the heat treated. In conclusion, the two-layer temper bead welding technique can be used satisfactorily in welding without PWHT for AISI 4140 steel. However, a close evaluation of the base metal characteristics is decisive for the success of the repair technique.