Hyperpolarizability of donor–acceptor azines subject to push–pull character and steric hindrance

The push–pull character of two series of donor–acceptor azines has been quantified by 13C, 15N chemical shift differences of the partial C(1)double bond; length as m-dashN(1) and N(2)double bond; length as m-dashC(2) double bonds in the central linking C(1)double bond; length as m-dashN(1)–N(2)double bond; length as m-dashC(2) unit and by the quotient of the occupations of the bonding π and anti-bonding π∗ orbitals of these bonds. Excellent correlation of the latter push–pull parameter with the corresponding bond lengths dCdouble bond; length as m-dashN strongly recommend both the occupation quotients π∗/π and the corresponding bond lengths as reasonable sensors for quantifying the push, pull character along the Cdouble bond; length as m-dashN–Ndouble bond; length as m-dashC linking unit, for the donor–acceptor quality of the two series of azines and for the molecular hyperpolarizability ß0 of these compounds. Within this context, reasonable conclusions concerning the interplay of steric hindrance in the chromophore, push–pull character and hyperpolarizability of the azines and their application as NLO materials will be drawn.