Using linked surface–groundwater catchment modelling to assess protection options for environmental assets threatened by dryland salinity in southern-eastern Australia

Dryland salinity threatens many high-value assets in Australia. Assessing the technical feasibility of intervention requires consideration of spatial and temporal dimensions of land management and associated surface–groundwater interactions. This paper presents results regarding the practicability of protecting assets in a 371,000-ha agriculturally dominated catchment in south-eastern Australia using a physically-based catchment model, the Catchment Analysis Tool (CAT). The model links surface land management and hydrology at the paddock scale (daily time step growth and water use, crop rotations and management) with a fully distributed groundwater model enabling the assessment of agronomic versus engineering options for landscape asset protection. Scenarios assessing management options and costs of planting of perennial vegetation or engineering through groundwater pumping are outlined. The impacts of scenarios are reported under future climatic conditions as well as for the ‘steady state’ response. The study demonstrates a linked surface–groundwater modelling approach to estimate groundwater capture zones, response times to equilibrium under current and climate change conditions, as well as groundwater abstraction volumes required to protect landscape features. These factors are important considerations for evidence-based decision making about protecting assets from dryland salinity.