Synthesis of polyhydroxylated indolizidines and piperidines from Garnerʹs aldehyde: total synthesis of (−)-swainsonine, (+)-1,2-di-epi-swainsonine, (+)-8,8a-di-epi-castanospermine, pentahydroxy indolizidines, (−)-1-deoxynojirimycin, (−)-1-deoxy-altro-noji

Diastereoselective and diverse synthesis of polyhydroxylated indolizidines and piperidines have been described, where a common chiral intermediate 2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3-ol is converted into (−)-swainsonine, (+)-1,2-di-epi-swainsonine, (+)-8,8a-di-epi-castanospermine, pentahydroxy indolizidines, (−)-1-deoxynojirimycin, (−)-1-deoxy-altro-nojirimycin, and related diversity. The key steps were hydroxy directed intramolecular aminomercuration, Mitsunobu cyclization, and diastereoselective dihydroxylation.