Pressure-driven membrane operations and membrane distillation technology integration for water purification Original Research Article

In the last years, boron and arsenic are gaining wide attention in the water treatment community due to their adverse effects both on human/animal health and on agriculture. As a consequence, nowadays, the number of water treatment plants equipped with boron and arsenic removal facilities is growing. Usually it is difficult to remove them from water due to their size and charge. Therefore, in order to obtain substantial arsenic and boron reduction in the treated water, the most part of the desalination/purification plants have to use chemicals agents and Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems with several pass-stages.