Thermal and ablative properties of low temperature carbon fiber–phenol formaldehyde resin composites Original Research Article

The thermal and ablative properties of phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) composites reinforced with carbon fibers heat-treated at low temperature have been investigated. Low temperature carbon fibers (LTCF) were obtained by a continuous carbonization process from stabilized PAN fibers at 1100 °C. The properties of LTCF reinforced PF (LTCF–PF) composites are compared with those of high temperature carbon fiber (HTCF) reinforced PF (HTCF–PF) composites. The thermal conductivity of the LTCF–PF composite is lower than that of HTCF–PF composite by about 35 and 10% along the directions parallel and perpendicular to the laminar plane, respectively. It was found from the ablation test using an arc plasma touch flame that the erosion rate is higher by about 30% in comparison with HTCF–PF composite. The result suggests that use of LTCFs as reinforcement in a composite may improve the thermal insulation of the composite but decrease the ablative resistance.