Turbulence heating of solar wind protons in the earthʹs bow shock Original Research Article

The transition region of Earthʹs bow shock is a collisionless space. Its thickness is much less than the free path of particles. In this small collisionless space, the kinetic energy of solar wind is quickly converted into the thermal energy of the lower reaches by the collisionless turbulence heating from Landau damping. Plasma turbulence heating can transfer and distribute energy from turbulence sources to almost all particles. In the transition region of Earthʹs bow shock, the collisionless stochastic turbulence heating has a considerable influence on the variability and the change of the temperature and the energy of protons. It also has certain affect on the solar-terrestrial energy transmission.