Low-temperature bleaching with manganese-containing heteropolytungstates Original Research Article

The manganese substituted heteropolytungstates α-[(Mn(H2O))SiW11O39]6− (1), α-[(Mn(H2O))2SiW10O38]8− (2), α-[(Mn(H2O))3SiW9O37]10− (3), β-[(Mn(H2O))3SiW9O37]10− (4), and α-[(Mn(H2O))3PW9O37]9− (5) were applied as catalysts for low-temperature bleaching of stained cotton cloth. The bleaching activity of this series of catalysts is correlated to the fibre-damage induced to cotton cloths during washing as well as to the stability of the catalysts under simulated washing conditions.