Simultaneous stretch forming and deep drawing in axisymmetrical sheet forming

From the product point of view, the onset of a visible neck during sheet metal forming sets the limit to which a blank material can be formed. In any forming process, the blank material is subjected to deformations that are mixtures of typical stretch forming and typical deep drawing, interlaced in an intricated manner with the progression of forming. Through varying forming parameters such as blank size, tool profile and blank-holding force, this paper explores the complex relationship between the mixture and the overall formability of sheet metal.