A study on the forming limits of the hydromechanical deep drawing of components with stepped geometries

FE simulations using ABAQUS/Explicit were conducted to examine the upper and lower forming limits of the hydromechanical deep drawing (HDD) of stepped components. Comparison of FE simulations and experimental results reported previously suggests that FE analysis may replace experimental trials to derive “master curves” of HDD, and hence renders higher efficiency of the tool design and process control of HDD, particularly for the forming of complex component-forms.