Temperature changes and loads during hot-die forging of a gamma titanium–aluminide alloy

Non-isothermal forging is a non-steady state deformation process since temperatures of die, workpiece and environment are different from each other. The workpiece temperature decreases during the process by heat transfer to the dies and the environment. On the other hand, deformation heating can increase the workpiece temperature. The deformation loads depend not just on the initial temperature of the workpiece and the strain rate, but also on the duration of the deformation. This paper presents the results of a study that involved both physical experiments and finite element simulation of the non-isothermal deformation of a gamma titanium–aluminide.