Numerical modelling and experimental validation of steel deep drawing processes: Part II: Applications

This paper presents the modelling and experimental validation of three different deep drawing applications: the Erichsen test, a cylindrical cup test and an industrial sheet metal forming process. The sheet forming material considered in the study is the EK4 steel characterized in Part I of this work. A finite element analysis of the deformation process is performed with a large strain hyperelastic shell formulation including the Hill-48 associate plasticity model. The experimental validation of the results provided by the simulation encompasses the punch force evolution together with the in-plane principal deformations and thickness distributions of the final deformed part.