Non-uniformity of residual stress profiles in butt-welded pipes in manual arc welding

Welding residual stresses in pipes of small diameter are especially critical when the fluid transported has high acidity. In manual welds, various factors can alter the behavior of residual stresses. The present work presents experimental results on the profile of residual stresses in manually welded butt joints. The residual stress measurements were carried out on the external surface with a mini-diffractometer X-ray. The results show that significant variations can occur in the welding residual stress behavior even under similar welding conditions.