Optimization of sodium dedecyl sulfate (SDS) addition coupled with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration for glutathione overproduction in high density cultivation of Candida utilis

In the previous study, glutathione production was elevated by adding precursor amino acids and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in high cell density cultivation of Candida utilis. Furthermore, in the present research, glutathione production was further improved by optimizing sodium dedecyl sulfate (SDS) addition coupled with ATP regeneration. Results indicated that with 2 g/l ATP added at 60 h and 0.8 g/l SDS added repeatedly at 60, 63, 66 and 69 h, final glutathione yield reached 2286 mg/l after 72 h cultivation. Moreover, by applying the novel strategies of regenerating ATP by feeding glucose at 6 g/(l h) from 60 to 72 h coupled with impulse SDS treatments, a total glutathione yield of 2485 mg/l was achieved at 72 h, which was 8.7% higher than with addition of ATP and SDS, suggesting application of the proposed strategies as being feasible for glutathione overproduction on industrial scales.