Effects of Bulk Viscosity on image-Spectra and Elliptic Flow Parameter Original Research Article

We estimate the effects of viscosity on the phase space distribution appearing in the Cooper-Frye formula within the framework of the Gradʹs fourteen moment method and find that there are non-trivialities in the discussion of a multi-component system. We calculate the viscous corrections of particle spectra and elliptic flow coefficients from the distortion of the distribution using the flow and the hypersurface taken from a (3+1)-dimensional ideal hydrodynamic simulation. We see that the bulk viscosity have visible effects on particle spectra. The results suggest we should treat both shear and bulk viscosity carefully when constraining the transport coefficients from experimental data.