A Kaluza–Klein description of geometric phases in graphene Original Research Article

In this paper, we use the Kaluza–Klein approach to describe topological defects in a graphene layer. Using this approach, we propose a geometric model allowing us to discuss the quantum flux in image-spin subspace. Within this model, the graphene layer with a topological defect is described using a four-dimensional metric, where the deformation produced by the topological defect is introduced via the three-dimensional part of a metric tensor, while an Abelian gauge field is introduced via an extra dimension. We use this new geometric model to discuss the arising of topological quantum phases in a graphene layer with a topological defect.