A refined model for beam elements and beam–column joints

To improve the accuracy of finite element modeling of concrete frame structures, a new beam–solid transition element with refined characteristics is introduced. The refinement capability in this approach provides an accurate strain field approximation in the regions of high shear forces of beam and columns. Finite element formulation has been extended for material nonlinearity and large deformations to account for ultimate loads and secondary effects. In an example the accuracy and efficiency of this technique in analysis of beam–column joints is shown and the results compared with an alternative numerical approach.