Response of concrete armor units to wave-induced impact

In wave environments that exceed conditions of hydraulic stability, concrete armor units are susceptible to wave-induced rolling and rocking motions. These motions result in unit-to-unit impacts which may precipitate structural failure. This second of two companion papers presents the results of a comprehensive numerical study to quantify wave-induced impact stresses in A-Jacks concrete armor units. Nomographs are developed which facilitate the structural design of A-Jacks concrete armor units in hydrodynamically unstable wave environments.