Prediction of residual stresses in high strength carbon steel pipe weld considering solid-state phase transformation effects

In this paper, prediction of axial and hoop residual stresses produced in high strength carbon steel pipe weld was made by employing a sequentially coupled 3-D thermal, metallurgical and mechanical FE model. Solid-state phase transformation during welding was incorporated into the FE model by allowing for volumetric changes and the associated changes in yield stress induced by austenitic and martensitic transformations. In the FE model, temperature-dependent thermo-physical and mechanical properties were considered, and phase transformation plasticity was also taken into account. The results showed the importance of incorporating solid-state phase transformation in the simulation of the pipe welding.