Boiling of biological sludges

Nucleate boiling, which can transfer large amount of thermal energy at small temperature difference, reveals as an efficient pasteurization method to biological sludges. This work, for the first time, reported the nucleate boiling curves and the critical heat flux (CHF) data of two biological sludges. Sludge boiling would exhibit a more efficient nucleate boiling mode. However, the corresponding CHF markedly decreases with the presence of solid phase. Dilution of sludge would yield a more efficient nucleate boiling as well as a higher CHF.