Modeling of particle formation by spray pyrolysis using droplet internal circulation

A mathematical model is developed to predict the morphology of powders prepared by spray pyrolysis process. For high velocity solution droplets, the contours of constant solute concentration and temperature coincide with the streamlines. Based on this fact, the liquid phase transport equations are simplified and solved, numerically. Variation of droplet surface temperature and solute mass fraction versus time are presented. In addition, the temperature and the solute mass fraction distributions within the droplet are provided. Using the solute mass fraction distribution, the model predicts whether the final particle is fully-filled or hollow with two cavities.