Numerical study of non-Darcian effects on jet impingement cooling in a horizontal porous layer in the mixed convection regime

In the present study, the non-Darcian effects are investigated for the jet impingement cooling of a heated surface immersed in a confined porous channel with Brinkman–Forchheimer–extended Darcy (BFD) model. The results are presented for mixed convection with wide ranges of governing parameters, which are: — Rayleigh number (Ra), Péclet number (Pe), Darcy number (Da), porosity (φ) and inertial coefficient (CF). The results of mixed convection mode have been demonstrated and is found to cause minimum average Nusselt number (image) in the mixed convection regime. For low values of Pe, increasing Ra and decreasing Da lead to the increase in image. When Pe increases to a high value, the effect of Ra and the effect of Da for Darcy regime (Da ≤ 10− 4) is negligible. The heat transfer rate for Da in the non-Darcy regime is higher than that of the Darcy regime when Pe is high. The effects of CF and φ are only significant in the region of forced convection domination for the non-Darcy regime, in which the increase in CF or φ reduces image.