Recent progress in developing FRET-based intracellular sensors for the detection of small molecule nutrients and ligands

Intracellular sensors for nutrients such as sugars, metabolic precursors and signaling ligands such as amino acids will help to elucidate the complex roles of these small molecules in biology. In this update, several recently developed sensors, originating from the Frommer laboratory, which combine bacterial periplasmic-binding protein-based specificity for ligand targeting with fluorescent protein-derived resonance energy transfer for signal transduction are reviewed. The insight gained from designing these sensors, along with the preliminary results gathered from their first application, serve to illustrate the impact that they can have on improving our fundamental understanding of biology.