Influence of rare earth elements La, Nd and Yb on the acidity of H-MCM-22 and H-Beta zeolites

The influence of rare earth (RE) elements on the acidic properties of H-MCM-22 and H-Beta was studied by pyridine adsorption followed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and n-heptane cracking, as a model reaction. The zeolites were submitted to ion exchange with rare earth nitrate solutions of La, Nd and Yb. The FTIR spectra of REH-MCM-22 indicate the presence of RE elements inside supercages and in the sinusoidal channels of the zeolite. After pyridine adsorption two additional bands are detected in REH-MCM-22 and REH-Beta, related to pyridine bonded to RE3+ cations. The n-heptane cracking reaction shows that the effect of rare earth elements is related not only to the acidity but also with the porous structure of both zeolites. In H-Beta zeolite, the presence of RE elements enhances the acidity of the catalysts. In H-MCM-22 zeolite, the most relevant effect of rare earth elements is on the shape selectivity that becomes more pronounced with the ionic radius of the RE elements. The nature of the coke deposited on the two materials shows distinct profiles that are also related to its porous structure.