The in vitro bioactive of sol–gel bioactive glass powders with three-dimensional lamellar structure

In this study, three-dimensional lamellar structured bioactive glass powders were prepared using nonionic block copolymer surfactants as structure-directing agents through a sol–gel method. The characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrograph (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used for determination of the particles structure before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for various numbers of days. The results show that the biomineralized products on the surfaces of the bioactive glass powders were apatite microcrystals with a low crystallinity, the composition and morphologies of the apatite microcrystals changed with the immersion time increased. The presence of the apatite layer indicates biomineralization.