Excited state absorption and energy-transfer mechanisms of up-conversion luminescence in Er3+-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics at different temperatures

Oxyfluoride silicate glass SiO2–Al2O3–Na2CO3–NaF–LaF3–ErF3 was synthesized. The glass transition and crystallization temperatures were determined by differential thermal analysis. Glass ceramics containing LaF3:Er3+ crystallites of size ∼20 nm were formed in the glass matrix after the heat treatment of the precursor glass in the vicinity of the crystallization temperature. Up-conversion luminescence, excitation spectra as well as time-resolved up-conversion luminescence of the glass and glass ceramics were studied at different temperatures. The up-conversion transients showed that at room temperature the dominant mechanism of the up-conversion luminescence in the glass ceramics is excited state absorption while at lower temperatures energy-transfer mechanism prevails. The origins of these differences are discussed in terms of the transitions between Stark manifolds of 4I15/2, 4I11/2 and 4F7/2 states in Er3+ ions.