Sol–gel synthesis and photoluminescent characteristics of image-doped imageimage nanophosphors

The sol–gel method using image and image was used to prepare image-doped image nanopowders with particle sizes ranging from 50 to 200 nm. This preparation was followed by a calcination process at image. The effects which the Eu/Gd composition ratio and calcination temperature had on the phosphor structure and its luminescent properties were then investigated. Phosphor structure was examined by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results confirm that the material consists of image particles exhibiting good crystallinity. Photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence measurements of the image particles show red emission at the 612 nm (image) wavelength. The optimal molar concentration for obtaining the highest PL intensity for image was 7% of image (calcinated at image for 2 h).