Electrothermally induced fluid flow on microelectrodes

Planar microelectrodes, used for the electrokinetic manipulation of particles, generate high strength AC electric fields, resulting not only in forces on the particles but also on the suspending fluid. Observations of electrolytes on microelectrode structures at applied signal frequencies of the order of 1 MHz have shown the importance of the illumination in generating fluid flow. In this paper, these experiments are analysed in terms of the theory of electrothermally induced fluid flow. Numerical calculations are made of the electric field, temperature field and fluid flow, arising both from Joule heating and from light heating. The results verify that Joule heating is not important under the experimental conditions. The temperature gradient generated by the light that is required in order to match the experimental fluid velocities is determined.