Preparation, sintering and electrical properties of nano-grained multidoped ceria

Multiply doped ceria nanopowders were synthesized by applying MGNP (modified glycine/nitrate procedure). The overall concentration of dopants was kept constant (x = 0.2) whereby Gd ion as the main dopant was gradually substituted by Sm and by Sm + Y. The compositions of solid solutions were calculated by applying defect model introducing anion vacancy radius. Characterization of powders involved BET, TEM, XRD and chemical analyses. Densification was performed at 1500 °C, in an oxygen atmosphere for 1 h. The results showed that with increasing number of dopants, specific surface area of powders increased, followed by decrease of crystallite and grain sizes. Densification degree was also found to rise with increasing number of dopants. According to impedance measurements it was found that ionic conductivity was the highest 1.14 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 450 °C in sample doped with Gd, Sm and Y simultaneously.