Manganese effect on the relaxation behaviors of the space charge polarization in Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)0.9Ti0.1O3 ceramics

The effects of manganese on the space charge polarization in 0.9Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3–0.1PbTiO3 (0.9PFW–0.1PT) ceramics are discussed using the Debye theory and the Arrhenius law. The static dipole moment of the space charge polarization is decreased by the MnO additives. The values of the Debye relaxation time τ0 and the activation energy Eτ of the space charge polarization are similar at any temperature range before adding MnO. These values are changed after adding MnO and are obviously changed only at the lower temperature range. According to these results, it is suggested that the space charge polarizations are induced due to the charge imbalance in the micropolarization region and the conductive carriers. The charge imbalance and the conductive carriers are reduced by adding MnO additives since the compositional fluctuation is restrained and the electronic compensation is induced.