Joint effects of chromium and phenol on marine prawns (Penaeus japonicus)

Marine prawns (Penaeus japonicus) were exposed to various combinations of chromium and phenol. The yield of prawns was synergistically inhibited by a 63-day exposure to combinations of chromium and phenol, when compared to controls and single-factor treatments. The accumulation of chromium in prawns was not only dependent on the concentration of chromium in the seawater, but was also related to the concentration of phenol in the seawater. The accumulation of phenol in prawns increased with an increase in the concentration of chromium in the seawater, even when the concentration of phenol in the seawater was constant.