The axially symmetric p-modes of Maxwell radiation in Milne spacetime

The aim of this work is to give a fully covariant treatment of the ( l = 1 , m = 0 ) -electromagnetic excitations into the linearly expanding ( k = - 1 ) -Universe. For the corresponding radiating dipole, the closed form solutions, in the axially symmetric Lorentz–Coulomb gauge, are derived in terms of the Legendre associated functions. In order to get completeness in the physical interpretation, we have turned to hypergeometric functions and compute, in the far-field region, the observables of the entirely radiating field and the effective power.