Palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex derived from proline towards Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in water at room temperature

Palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complex 1 derived from proline has been proved to be a highly effective catalyst in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of aryl iodides and bromides with arylboronic acids in water at room temperature. The reactions are tolerant towards various functional groups in the substrates. Moreover, the complex 1-catalyzed medium-scale (10.0 mmol) Suzuki–Miyaura reactions were also carried out and it was found that the complex was also effective enough in these cases.