NHC–Pd(II)–Im (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; Im = 1-methylimidazole) complexes as efficient catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl chlorides

A new type of well-defined N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-palladium chloride-imidazole complexes derived from IPrradical dotHCl or IMesradical dotHCl, PdCl2 and 1-methylimidazole exhibits high catalytic activity in the room-temperature Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl or heteroaryl chlorides. Moreover, the large-scale (20.0 mmol) couplings in the presence of 0.01 mol% catalyst loading can also give the corresponding coupling products in high yields.