Calixarenes as platforms for the construction of multimetallic complexes

This review article covers the use of calix[n]arenes (n = 4−6) in building up multi-metal species based on group 1 or 2 ions and early transition metal ions, through synergistic metal–O and metal⋯π interactions, depending on the conformation of the calixarenes and the nature of the group 1 or 2 ions. Recent advances on metal alkyl/cyclopentadienyl complexes are also discussed, along with future prospects on the use of calixarenes in general in building up multi-metal complexes in a controlled way.