Carbonyl J Derivatives: A New Class of HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors

Integration of a DNA copy of the HIV-1 genome is required for viral replication and pathogenicity, and this highly specific molecular process is mediated by the virus-encoded integrase protein. The requirement for integration, combined with the lack of a known analogous process in mammalian cells, makes integrase an attractive target for therapeutic inhibitors of HIV-1 replication. While many reports of HIV-1 IN inhibitors exist, no such compounds have yet emerged to treat HIV-1 infection. As such, new classes of integrase inhibitors are needed. We have combined molecular modeling and combinatorial chemistry to identify and develop a new class of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, the Carbonyl J [N,N′-bis(2-(5-hydroxy-7-naphthalenesulfonic acid)urea] derivatives. This new class includes a number of compounds with sub-micromolar IC50 values for inhibiting purified HIV-1 integrase in vitro. Herein we describe the chemical characteristics that are important for integrase inhibition and cell toxicity within the Carbonyl J derivatives.