Defect chemistry and electrical degradation of BaTiO3 co-doped with Ho and Mn

Defect chemistry and electrical degradation of BaTiO3 co-doped with holmium (Ho) and manganese (Mn) have been studied in terms of electrical conductivity, oxygen vacancy concentration, leakage current and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC). Ba(Ti0.99Ho0.01)O2.995 showed considerable leakage currents, compared with the un-doped BaTiO3. The specimen co-doped with Ho and Mn showed a stable leakage current behavior with time, which was much lower than that of un-doped BaTiO3. TSDC of Ba(Ti0.99Ho0.01)O2.995 increased drastically at the temperature range above 50 °C. TSDC of (Ba0.99Ho0.01)(Ti0.995Mn0.005)O3 decreased at >150 °C, whereas a abrupt increase in TSDC was observed with the specimens of Ba(Ti0.985Ho0.01Mn0.005)O2.995−δ.