Pain at age eight as a predictor of antidepressant medication use by age 24: Findings from the Finnish nationwide 1981 birth cohort study

Background isting knowledge about long-term psychosocial consequences of childhood pain is scarce. The current study investigated childhood pain symptoms as potential risk factors for antidepressant use in adolescence and early adulthood. s esentative sample of eight-year-old children (n = 6017) and their parents were asked about the prevalence of the childʹs headache, abdominal pain, and unspecified pain symptoms. The associations with antidepressant purchases by age 24, based on the nationwide prescription register, were analyzed separately for each symptom and each reporter. Sex, parental educational level, and child-, parent- and teacher-reported childʹs psychiatric symptoms at baseline were included as confounding variables. s sex-adjusted model, the childʹs own report of headache and other pains, and the parentsʹ report of their childʹs abdominal pain, predicted antidepressant purchases. When confounding variables were included in the final model, only the childʹs own report of headache predicted antidepressant use with a dose–response relationship. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for frequent and for almost daily headache were 1.6 (1.3–2.0) and 2.1 (1.5–2.9), respectively, in the sex-adjusted model, and 1.5 (1.2–1.8) and 1.7 (1.2–2.5) in the final model. tions sessment of each pain symptom was based on one question for each reporter. The specific indications for the described medication could not be defined. sions care professionals should also ask children themselves about the pain symptoms. They should be aware that children with pain are at increased risk of suffering later from conditions that require antidepressant treatment.