Diesel engine dynamometer testing of impedancemetric NOx sensors

Prototype solid-state electrochemical sensors using a dense gold sensing electrode, porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, and a platinum counter electrode (Au/YSZ/Pt) were evaluated for measuring NOx (NO and NO2) in diesel exhaust. Both electrodes were exposed to the test gas (i.e., there was no reference gas for the counter electrode). An impedancemetric method was used for NOx measurements, where the phase angle was used as the response signal. A portion of the tailpipe exhaust from the dynamometer test stand was extracted and fed into a furnace containing the experimental sensor. The prototype sensor was tested along with a commercially available NOx sensor. Simultaneous measurements for NOx, O2, CO2, H2O, CO, and CH4 in a separate feed stream were made using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and an oxygen paramagnetic analyzer. The experimental sensor showed very good measurement capability for NO in the range of 25–250 ppm, with a response paralleling that of the FTIR and commercial sensor. The prototype sensor showed better sensitivity to NOx at the lower concentration ranges. O2 is an interferent for the experimental sensor, resulting in decreased sensitivity for measurement of NOx. Methods to overcome this interference are discussed.